The begining

 

Villa Architectural kinship with historic houses in Iran

The houses that we have in our history of architecture and preserved most of the civilization achievements of Iranian architecture until the Qajar period, they share a lot with modern architectural villas, which means they both enjoy the highest quality of space. Of course, not all contemporary villas have high spatial quality, but all the houses built in Iran before the 1300s, small and large, had high spatial quality. The common form of villas and historic houses in Iran, built before 1300, is the creative organization of space. I am referring to architectural creativity, creating a newer status than the previous and most commonly used ones, in which both the new form. And spatial states, in such a way that human beings not only see it, but also, by being present in these spaces, will attain a newer experience of feeling, beauty and self-knowledge. This situation should also be borne in mind that in the Iranian home of space organization, both conscious and creative; While in the contemporary villas of spatial quality, they may not have a high level of awareness about land, life and meaning. Temporary living in many villas should also be considered. Fortunately, a number of Iranian historic homes have been restored and restored, and the possibility of the presence and experience of creative spaces has been provided (Manuchehri house in Kashan).

We note that having a spatial quality takes place in a range, that is, the realization of quality in contemporary villas is relative. Some villas, despite having multiple option to create space (large area, financial facilities, suitable perspectives, access, slopes, etc.), do not achieve high and eminent qualities. Briefly, I describe the creative and informed organization of space that has led to the emergence of spatial quality in the homes discussed. The high quality of space in historical buildings (before 1300) was due to the following criteria:

Space and light were the main components of the form, mode, and structure of the architecture; there was integration between the structure (frame), compatibility (thermal and lighting facilities) and the spatial organization (design)of the house; That is, the micro space, in spatial independence, was along and continued, being merged and creating new quality and quantity. In addition, each part of the space had its own expansion of the view or in the condition that perspective was reduced, light expansion refocillate in every part of the house, based on knowledge of the methods of defining, combining and recognizing (like the underground of Iranian homes), everywhere in the house was redefined with methods of definition, composition, and space identity; Knowledge and mastery of the architect and builder of the house (construction group) on the genus of the earth, the waters below and on the earth, the directions of the sun's radiation, the variety, the number and how the wind and the amount and the amount and frequency of rain and snow and the types of vegetation were at its highest level. The architect, in the absence of heat and cold technology, knew how to keep the house warm and cool when needed; Knowledge and mastery of Iranian architects on the family life of the inhabitants house was like one of the caring members of the household head; The awareness and nobility of the architect of Iranian houses on the ceremonies, rites, beliefs and meanings contained in the history and culture of the privileged community; The spaces in the historic houses were organized on the basis of land awareness, lifestyle and cultural symbols; All of this awareness at home reflected spatially and architecturally; Every micro space is defined entirely by walls, floors and ceilings; The wall in Iran's architecture was a plug-in element. Define both inner and outer space. Optical expansion and landscape by the wall, Spacing was provided by the floor and ceiling. According to the location of each component of the space, the ceiling also provides optical expansion; Decorating in Iranian homes also played the role of distinguishing space, and the building consolidation, for instance, trains or crafting or arranging, regulated and distinguished the space (e.g. Timche Amin al -Dowleh in Kashan); The proportions (length, width, and height) of each space were determined in terms of land characteristics and provide optimal conditions for air passage, sensation, lightness and spatial planning. Another decisive layer that played a role in determining space proportions was the number and nature of the presence and nature of individuals in each space; Total privacy, the privacy of parents, and the family, the limited presence of acquaintances and relatives, a large presence of guests, each of which has a proportional, independent and combative space. It was as though all of the spaces, together and simultaneously, could be combined and accommodated the widest community with respect for respect; Architectural design was carried out in Iranian homes with three types of open, covered and closed spaces. The organization of open, covered and closed spaces was carried out with public, semi-private and private privacy. Each family member could have their own corner. In addition to defining, combining and recognizing space, each component is empowered from a spatial point of view, optical expansion and perspective, or the ability to combine with neighboring spaces. The ability of space in the observance of private, semi-public and private privacy has created conditions for the separation and composition of spaces, allowing for the possibility of holding a variety of lifestyle and family celebrations, and the ability to describe the ways of organizing space as external-intrusive. The diversity of open, covered and closed spaces combined with the variety of light and landscape, and the short and long lines of subtleties, made it possible to have the most diverse experiences of human presence in space. In designing quality villas, contemporary architects are trying to create a variety of space and try to avoid cold, dry and unobtrusive parts of the spaces, trying to make space within the spatial organization of the villa fluid and avoid sprawl. They Design a variety of heights and light and try to get the same uniformity from the spatial organization of the villa.

Translated by: Elaheh Cheraghi